Docker 安装 Python

方法一、通过 Dockerfile 构建

创建Dockerfile

首先，创建目录python,用于存放后面的相关东西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/python ~/python/myapp

myapp目录将映射为python容器配置的应用目录

进入创建的python目录，创建Dockerfile

FROM buildpack-deps:jessie# remove several traces of debian pythonRUN apt-get purge -y python.*# http://bugs.python.org/issue19846# > At the moment, setting "LANG=C" on a Linux system *fundamentally breaks Python 3*, and that's not OK.ENV LANG C.UTF-8# gpg: key F73C700D: public key "Larry Hastings 
    
     " importedENV GPG_KEY 97FC712E4C024BBEA48A61ED3A5CA953F73C700DENV PYTHON_VERSION 3.5.1# if this is called "PIP_VERSION", pip explodes with "ValueError: invalid truth value '
     
      '"ENV PYTHON_PIP_VERSION 8.1.2RUN set -ex \        && curl -fSL "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz" -o python.tar.xz \        && curl -fSL "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz.asc" -o python.tar.xz.asc \        && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \        && gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$GPG_KEY" \        && gpg --batch --verify python.tar.xz.asc python.tar.xz \        && rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" python.tar.xz.asc \        && mkdir -p /usr/src/python \        && tar -xJC /usr/src/python --strip-components=1 -f python.tar.xz \        && rm python.tar.xz \        \        && cd /usr/src/python \        && ./configure --enable-shared --enable-unicode=ucs4 \        && make -j$(nproc) \        && make install \        && ldconfig \        && pip3 install --no-cache-dir --upgrade --ignore-installed pip==$PYTHON_PIP_VERSION \        && find /usr/local -depth \                \( \                    \( -type d -a -name test -o -name tests \) \                    -o \                    \( -type f -a -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' \) \                \) -exec rm -rf '{}' + \        && rm -rf /usr/src/python ~/.cache# make some useful symlinks that are expected to existRUN cd /usr/local/bin \        && ln -s easy_install-3.5 easy_install \        && ln -s idle3 idle \        && ln -s pydoc3 pydoc \        && ln -s python3 python \        && ln -s python3-config python-configCMD ["python3"]
     
    

通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

runoob@runoob:~/python$ docker build -t python:3.5 .

创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/python$ docker images python:3.5 REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEpython              3.5              045767ddf24a        9 days ago          684.1 MB

方法二、docker pull python:3.5

查找Docker Hub上的python镜像

runoob@runoob:~/python$ docker search pythonNAME                           DESCRIPTION                        STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATEDpython                         Python is an interpreted,...       982       [OK]       kaggle/python                  Docker image for Python...         33                   [OK]azukiapp/python                Docker image to run Python ...     3                    [OK]vimagick/python                mini python                                  2          [OK]tsuru/python                   Image for the Python ...           2                    [OK]pandada8/alpine-python         An alpine based python image                 1          [OK]1science/python                Python Docker images based on ...  1                    [OK]lucidfrontier45/python-uwsgi   Python with uWSGI                  1                    [OK]orbweb/python                  Python image                       1                    [OK]pathwar/python                 Python template for Pathwar levels 1                    [OK]rounds/10m-python              Python, setuptools and pip.        0                    [OK]ruimashita/python              ubuntu 14.04 python                0                    [OK]tnanba/python                  Python on CentOS-7 image.          0                    [OK]

这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为3.5

runoob@runoob:~/python$ docker pull python:3.5

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为python,标签为3.5的镜像。

使用python镜像

在~/python/myapp目录下创建一个 helloworld.py 文件，代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/pythonprint("Hello, World!");

运行容器

runoob@runoob:~/python$ docker run  -v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp  -w /usr/src/myapp python:3.5 python helloworld.py

命令说明：

-v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp :将主机中当前目录下的myapp挂载到容器的/usr/src/myapp

-w /usr/src/myapp :指定容器的/usr/src/myapp目录为工作目录

python helloworld.py :使用容器的python命令来执行工作目录中的helloworld.py文件

输出结果：

Hello, World!